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202 lines
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Markdown
202 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
<div align="center">
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<h1> 30 Days Of Python: Day 16 - Python Date time </h1>
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<a class="header-badge" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/asabeneh/">
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</a>
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<a class="header-badge" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/Asabeneh">
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<img alt="Twitter Follow" src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/asabeneh?style=social">
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</a>
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<sub>Author:
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<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/asabeneh/" target="_blank">Asabeneh Yetayeh</a><br>
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<small> First Edition: Nov 22 - Dec 22, 2019</small>
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</sub>
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</div>
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</div>
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[<< Day 15](../15_Day/15_python_type_error.md) | [Day 17 >>](../17_Day/17_exception_handling.md)
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- [📘 Day 16](#%f0%9f%93%98-day-16)
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- [Python *datetime*](#python-datetime)
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- [Getting the *datetime* Information](#getting-the-datetime-information)
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- [Formating Datetime Output Using Strftime](#formating-datetime-output-using-strftime)
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- [String to Time Using Strptime](#string-to-time-using-strptime)
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- [Use Date from Datetime](#use-date-from-datetime)
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- [Time Object to Represent Time](#time-object-to-represent-time)
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- [Difference Between Two Datetime](#difference-between-two-datetime)
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- [Difference Between Two Dates and Times Using Timedelata](#difference-between-two-dates-and-times-using-timedelata)
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- [💻 Exercises: Day 16](#%f0%9f%92%bb-exercises-day-16)
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# 📘 Day 16
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## Python *datetime*
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Python has _datetime_ module to handle date and time.
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```py
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import datetime
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print(dir(datetime))
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['MAXYEAR', 'MINYEAR', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'date', 'datetime', 'datetime_CAPI', 'sys', 'time', 'timedelta', 'timezone', 'tzinfo']
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```
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With dir or help built-in commands it is possible to know the available functions in a certain module. As you can see, in the datetime module there are many functions, but we will focus on _date_, _datetime_, _time_ and _timedelta_. Let's see them one by one.
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### Getting the datetime information
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```py
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from datetime import datetime
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now = datetime.now()
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print(now) # 2019-12-04 23:34:46.549883
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day = now.day # 4
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month = now.month # 12
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year = now.year # 2019
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hour = now.hour # 23
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minute = now.minute # 38
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second = now.second
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timestamp = now.timestamp()
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print(day, month, year, hour, minute)
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print('timestamp', timestamp)
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print(f'{day}/{month}/{year}, {hour}:{minute}') # 4/12/2019, 23:38
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```
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### Formating datetime output using strftime
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```py
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from datetime import datetime
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new_year = datetime(2020, 1, 1)
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print(new_year) # 2020-01-01 00:00:00
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day = new_year.day
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month = new_year.month
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year = new_year.year
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hour = new_year.hour
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minute = new_year.minute
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second = new_year.second
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print(day, month, year, hour, minute) #1 1 2020 0 0
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print(f'{day}/{month}/{year}, {hour}:{minute}') # 1/1/2020, 0:0
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```
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Time formating
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```py
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from datetime import datetime
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# current date and time
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now = datetime.now()
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t = now.strftime("%H:%M:%S")
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print("time:", t)
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time_one = now.strftime("%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S")
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# mm/dd/YY H:M:S format
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print("time one:", time_one)
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time_two = now.strftime("%d/%m/%Y, %H:%M:%S")
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# dd/mm/YY H:M:S format
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print("time two:", time_two)
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```
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```sh
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time: 01:05:01
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time one: 12/05/2019, 01:05:01
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time two: 05/12/2019, 01:05:01
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```
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Here are all the _strftime_ symbols we use to format time. A reference of all the legal format codes.
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### String to time using strptime
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```py
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from datetime import datetime
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date_string = "5 December, 2019"
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print("date_string =", date_string)
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date_object = datetime.strptime(date_string, "%d %B, %Y")
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print("date_object =", date_object)
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```
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```sh
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date_string = 5 December, 2019
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date_object = 2019-12-05 00:00:00
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```
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### Use date from datetime
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```py
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from datetime import date
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d = date(2020, 1, 1)
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print(d)
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print('Current date:', d.today()) # 2019-12-05
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# date object of today's date
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today = date.today()
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print("Current year:", today.year) # 2019
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print("Current month:", today.month) # 12
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print("Current day:", today.day) # 5
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```
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### Time object to represent time
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```py
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from datetime import time
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# time(hour = 0, minute = 0, second = 0)
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a = time()
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print("a =", a)
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# time(hour, minute and second)
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b = time(10, 30, 50)
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print("b =", b)
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# time(hour, minute and second)
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c = time(hour=10, minute=30, second=50)
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print("c =", c)
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# time(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
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d = time(10, 30, 50, 200555)
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print("d =", d)
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```
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output
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a = 00:00:00
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b = 10:30:50
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c = 10:30:50
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d = 10:30:50.200555
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### Difference between two datetime
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```py
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today = date(year=2019, month=12, day=5)
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new_year = date(year=2020, month=1, day=1)
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time_left_for_newyear = new_year - today
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# Time left for new year: 27 days, 0:00:00
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print('Time left for new year: ', time_left_for_newyear)
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t1 = datetime(year = 2019, month = 12, day = 5, hour = 0, minute = 59, second = 0)
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t2 = datetime(year = 2020, month = 1, day = 1, hour = 0, minute = 0, second = 0)
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diff = t2 - t1
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print('Time left for new year:', diff) # Time left for new year: 26 days, 23: 01: 00
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```
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### Difference between two dates and times using timedelata
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```py
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from datetime import timedelta
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t1 = timedelta(weeks=12, days=10, hours=4, seconds=20)
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t2 = timedelta(days=7, hours=5, minutes=3, seconds=30)
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t3 = t1 - t2
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print("t3 =", t3)
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```
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```sh
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date_string = 5 December, 2019
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date_object = 2019-12-05 00:00:00
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t3 = 86 days, 22:56:50
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```
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## 💻 Exercises: Day 16
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1. Get the current day, month, year, hour, minute and timestamp from time date module
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1. Format the current date using in this format: "%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S")
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1. Today is 5 December, 2019. Change this time string to time.
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1. Calculate the time difference from now to new year.
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1. Calculate the time difference between 1 January 1970 and now.
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1. Think about for what you can you use datetime module,
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- Time series analysis
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- To get time stamp of any activities in an application
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- And many other users
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🎉 CONGRATULATIONS ! 🎉
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[<< Day 15](../15_Day/15_python_type_error.md) | [Day 17 >>](../17_Day/17_exception_handling.md) |