<img width="1920" height="969" alt="Screenshot 2026-02-04 at 9 47 16 AM"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d7d0cd04-0051-4fc4-b857-e6f87ee97a59"
/>
**This PR revolves around the following components**
1. Sequencer - sequences the updates in the internal db
2. Poller - polls for the latest updates to sync with the external db
3. Outgoing Request Handler - essentially a trigger that can make http
requests based on a change in the internal db
4. Sync Engine - syncs with the latest changes from the internal db to
the external db
**What has been done**
- Added a global sequence id for ProjectUser, ContactChannel and
DeletedRow.
- Added the deletedRow table to keep track of the rows that were deleted
across ProjectUser and ContactChannel.
- Added the OutgoingRequest table to keep track of the outgoing requests
- Added function for the sequencer to call to sequence updates
- Added a sequencer that sequences all the changes in the internal db
every 50 ms
- Added a poller that polls for the latest changes in the internal db
every 50 ms, and adds to a queue
- Added a Vercel cron that calls sequencer and poller every minute
- Added a queue that fulfills the outgoing requests by making http calls
(for external db sync, it calls the sync engine endpoint)
- Added a sync engine that uses the defined sql mapping query in the
user's schema to pull in the changes for the user, and sync them with
the external db
- Added tests to test out each functionality
**How to review this PR:**
1. Review the migrations (sequence id, deletedRow, triggers, backlog
sync) (all files created under the migrations folder)
2. Review sequencer
3. Review poller
4. Review the changes in schema
5. Review sync-engine (the function, and it's helper file)
6. Review the schema changes, and query mappings
7. Review the tests (basic, advanced and race, along with the helper
file)
8. Review the changes made in Dockerfile to support local testing using
the postgres docker
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
---
> [!NOTE]
> Introduces a cron-driven external DB sync pipeline with global
sequencing, internal poller and webhook sync engine, new DB
tables/functions, config schema/mappings, and comprehensive e2e tests.
>
> - **Database (Prisma/Migrations)**:
> - Add global sequence (`global_seq_id`) and
`sequenceId`/`shouldUpdateSequenceId` to `ProjectUser`,
`ContactChannel`, `DeletedRow` with partial indexes.
> - Create `DeletedRow` (capture deletes) and `OutgoingRequest` (queue)
tables; add unique/indexes.
> - Add triggers/functions: `log_deleted_row`,
`reset_sequence_id_on_update`, `backfill_null_sequence_ids`,
`enqueue_tenant_sync`.
> - **Backend/API**:
> - New internal routes: `GET
/api/latest/internal/external-db-sync/sequencer`, `GET /poller`, `POST
/sync-engine` (Upstash-verified) for sync orchestration.
> - Add cron wiring: `vercel.json` schedules and local
`scripts/run-cron-jobs.ts`; start in dev via `dev` script.
> - Tweak route handler (remove noisy logging) without behavior change.
> - **Sync Engine**:
> - Implement `src/lib/external-db-sync.ts` to read tenant mappings and
upsert to external Postgres (schema bootstrap, param checks,
sequencing).
> - Add default mappings `DEFAULT_DB_SYNC_MAPPINGS` and config schema
`dbSync.externalDatabases` in shared config.
> - **Testing/Infra**:
> - Add extensive e2e tests (basics, advanced, race conditions) for
sequencing, idempotency, deletes, pagination, multi-mapping, and
permissions.
> - Docker compose: add `external-db-test` Postgres for tests; e2e deps
for `pg` types.
>
> <sup>Written by [Cursor
Bugbot](https://cursor.com/dashboard?tab=bugbot) for commit
3f2a8efcfb. This will update automatically
on new commits. Configure
[here](https://cursor.com/dashboard?tab=bugbot).</sup>
<!-- /CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
<!-- This is an auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai
-->
## Summary by CodeRabbit
* **New Features**
* External PostgreSQL sync: automatic, batched replication with
mappings, resume/idempotency, and on-demand enqueueing.
* **Admin UI**
* Real-time External DB Sync dashboard and status API showing
per-mapping backlog, sequencer/poller/sync-engine telemetry, and fusebox
controls.
* **Tests**
* Large e2e suite: basic, advanced, race, high-volume tests and test
utilities for external DB sync.
* **Chores**
* DB migrations, CI/workflow updates, background cron runner and
local/dev test support.
<!-- end of auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->
---------
Co-authored-by: Konsti Wohlwend <n2d4xc@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Bilal Godil <bg2002@gmail.com>
<img width="567" height="249" alt="Screenshot 2025-10-20 at 11 23 10 AM"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/340df844-f619-489f-8d41-cc26bc165018"
/>
<img width="595" height="255" alt="Screenshot 2025-10-20 at 11 24 00 AM"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/9321bda1-e6f0-4f53-8c6b-e29d0fc16038"
/>
<!--
Make sure you've read the CONTRIBUTING.md guidelines:
https://github.com/stack-auth/stack-auth/blob/dev/CONTRIBUTING.md
-->
<!-- RECURSEML_SUMMARY:START -->
## High-level PR Summary
This PR optimizes the performance of user list and metrics endpoints by
refactoring SQL queries to use more efficient patterns. The changes
include rewriting queries to use `LATERAL` joins and CTEs with proper
filtering, extracting common user mapping logic into reusable functions,
and adding performance tests with SQL scripts to generate realistic test
data (10,000 mock users and activity events across 100 countries).
⏱️ Estimated Review Time: 30-90 minutes
<details>
<summary>💡 Review Order Suggestion</summary>
| Order | File Path |
|-------|-----------|
| 1 | `apps/e2e/tests/backend/performance/mock-users.sql` |
| 2 | `apps/e2e/tests/backend/performance/mock-metric-events.sql` |
| 3 | `apps/e2e/tests/backend/performance/users-list.test.ts` |
| 4 | `apps/backend/src/app/api/latest/users/crud.tsx` |
| 5 | `apps/backend/src/app/api/latest/internal/metrics/route.tsx` |
</details>
[](https://discord.gg/n3SsVDAW6U)
[
<!-- RECURSEML_SUMMARY:END -->
<!-- ELLIPSIS_HIDDEN -->
----
> [!IMPORTANT]
> Optimize metrics and user list endpoints with SQL refactoring,
caching, and performance tests, adding a `CacheEntry` model and mock
data scripts.
>
> - **Performance Optimization**:
> - Refactor SQL queries in `route.tsx` to use `LATERAL` joins and CTEs
for efficient data retrieval.
> - Implement caching in `route.tsx` using `getOrSetCacheValue()` to
reduce database load.
> - **Database Changes**:
> - Add `CacheEntry` model to `schema.prisma` and create corresponding
table and index in `migration.sql`.
> - Remove auto-migration metadata step from
`check-prisma-migrations.yaml`.
> - **Testing**:
> - Add performance tests in `metrics.test.ts` to benchmark metrics and
user endpoints.
> - Create mock data scripts `mock-users.sql` and
`mock-metric-events.sql` for testing with 10,000 users and events across
100 countries.
> - **Miscellaneous**:
> - Update `db-migrations.ts` to include new migration file generation
logic.
> - Add `cache.tsx` for caching logic implementation.
>
> <sup>This description was created by </sup>[<img alt="Ellipsis"
src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Ellipsis-blue?color=175173">](https://www.ellipsis.dev?ref=stack-auth%2Fstack-auth&utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral)<sup>
for 4d9be71063. You can
[customize](https://app.ellipsis.dev/stack-auth/settings/summaries) this
summary. It will automatically update as commits are pushed.</sup>
----
<!-- ELLIPSIS_HIDDEN -->
<!-- This is an auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai
-->
## Summary by CodeRabbit
* **New Features**
* Metrics now use a cache layer with per-entry TTL and tenancy-aware
loaders.
* **Bug Fixes**
* Improved accuracy of daily active and related metrics with
tenancy-aware counting and more robust last-active computation.
* **Performance**
* Faster metrics responses via batched reads and cache-backed endpoints.
* **Tests**
* Added end-to-end performance benchmarks and SQL seed scripts for
metrics/user load testing.
* **Chores**
* DB migration added support for cached entries; CI migration check flow
adjusted; migration tooling improved.
<!-- end of auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->
---------
Co-authored-by: Konsti Wohlwend <n2d4xc@gmail.com>
<!--
Make sure you've read the CONTRIBUTING.md guidelines:
https://github.com/stack-auth/stack-auth/blob/dev/CONTRIBUTING.md
-->
<!-- ELLIPSIS_HIDDEN -->
----
> [!IMPORTANT]
> Introduces an automated database migration system, replacing manual
Prisma commands with new scripts and updating workflows, configurations,
and tests accordingly.
>
> - **Auto-Migration System**:
> - Introduces `db-migrations.ts` script for handling database
migrations automatically.
> - Adds utility functions in `utils.tsx` for managing migration files.
> - Implements `applyMigrations` and `runMigrationNeeded` in `index.tsx`
for executing migrations.
> - **Workflow and Scripts**:
> - Updates GitHub workflows (`check-prisma-migrations.yaml`,
`e2e-api-tests.yaml`) to use new migration commands.
> - Replaces `prisma migrate` commands with `db:init`, `db:migrate`,
etc., in `package.json` and `README.md`.
> - **Testing**:
> - Adds `auto-migration.tests.ts` for testing migration logic and
concurrency handling.
> - **Configuration**:
> - Updates `.env.development` and `vitest.config.ts` for new
environment variables and paths.
> - Modifies `turbo.json` and `package.json` to include new migration
tasks and scripts.
>
> <sup>This description was created by </sup>[<img alt="Ellipsis"
src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Ellipsis-blue?color=175173">](https://www.ellipsis.dev?ref=stack-auth%2Fstack-auth&utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral)<sup>
for 2c24183879. You can
[customize](https://app.ellipsis.dev/stack-auth/settings/summaries) this
summary. It will automatically update as commits are pushed.</sup>
<!-- ELLIPSIS_HIDDEN -->
---------
Co-authored-by: Konsti Wohlwend <n2d4xc@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: ellipsis-dev[bot] <65095814+ellipsis-dev[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
