diff --git a/ui/src/domain/workflow.ts b/ui/src/domain/workflow.ts
index 4b275c1d..56623dbb 100644
--- a/ui/src/domain/workflow.ts
+++ b/ui/src/domain/workflow.ts
@@ -330,77 +330,76 @@ export const newNode = (type: WorkflowNodeType, { i18n = getI18n() }: { i18n?: R
   }
 };
 
-const _deepCloneNode = (node: WorkflowNode, { withCopySuffix, nodeIdMap }: { withCopySuffix: boolean; nodeIdMap: Map<string, string> }) => {
-  const { produce } = new Immer({ autoFreeze: false });
-  return produce(node, (draft) => {
-    draft.data ??= {};
-    draft.id = newNodeId();
-    draft.data.name = withCopySuffix ? `${draft.data?.name || ""}-copy` : `${draft.data?.name || ""}`;
-
-    nodeIdMap.set(node.id, draft.id); // 原节点 ID 映射到新节点 ID
-
-    if (draft.blocks) {
-      draft.blocks = draft.blocks.map((block) => _deepCloneNode(block, { withCopySuffix: false, nodeIdMap }));
-    }
-
-    if (draft.data?.config) {
-      switch (draft.type) {
-        case WORKFLOW_NODE_TYPES.BIZ_DEPLOY:
-          {
-            const prevNodeId = draft.data.config.certificateOutputNodeId as string;
-            if (nodeIdMap.has(prevNodeId)) {
-              draft.data.config = {
-                ...draft.data.config,
-                certificateOutputNodeId: nodeIdMap.get(prevNodeId),
-              };
-            }
-          }
-          break;
-
-        case WORKFLOW_NODE_TYPES.BRANCHBLOCK:
-          {
-            const stack = [] as Expr[];
-            const expr = draft.data.config.expression as Expr;
-            if (expr) {
-              stack.push(expr);
-              while (stack.length > 0) {
-                const n = stack.pop()!;
-                if ("left" in n) {
-                  stack.push(n.left);
-                  if ("selector" in n.left) {
-                    const prevNodeId = n.left.selector.id;
-                    if (nodeIdMap.has(prevNodeId)) {
-                      n.left.selector.id = nodeIdMap.get(prevNodeId)!;
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-                if ("right" in n) {
-                  stack.push(n.right);
-                }
-              }
-
-              draft.data.config = {
-                ...draft.data.config,
-                expression: expr,
-              };
-            }
-          }
-          break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    return draft;
-  });
-};
-
 export const duplicateNode = (node: WorkflowNode, options?: { withCopySuffix?: boolean }) => {
-  const map = new Map<string, string>();
-  return _deepCloneNode(node, { withCopySuffix: options?.withCopySuffix ?? true, nodeIdMap: map });
+  return duplicateNodes([node], options)[0];
 };
 
 export const duplicateNodes = (nodes: WorkflowNode[], options?: { withCopySuffix?: boolean }) => {
+  function duplicate(node: WorkflowNode, { withCopySuffix, nodeIdMap }: { withCopySuffix: boolean; nodeIdMap: Map<string, string> }) {
+    const { produce } = new Immer({ autoFreeze: false });
+    return produce(node, (draft) => {
+      draft.data ??= {};
+      draft.id = newNodeId();
+      draft.data.name = withCopySuffix ? `${draft.data?.name || ""}-copy` : `${draft.data?.name || ""}`;
+
+      nodeIdMap.set(node.id, draft.id); // 原节点 ID 映射到新节点 ID
+
+      if (draft.blocks) {
+        draft.blocks = draft.blocks.map((block) => duplicate(block, { withCopySuffix: false, nodeIdMap }));
+      }
+
+      if (draft.data?.config) {
+        switch (draft.type) {
+          case WORKFLOW_NODE_TYPES.BIZ_DEPLOY:
+            {
+              const prevNodeId = draft.data.config.certificateOutputNodeId as string;
+              if (nodeIdMap.has(prevNodeId)) {
+                draft.data.config = {
+                  ...draft.data.config,
+                  certificateOutputNodeId: nodeIdMap.get(prevNodeId),
+                };
+              }
+            }
+            break;
+
+          case WORKFLOW_NODE_TYPES.BRANCHBLOCK:
+            {
+              const stack = [] as Expr[];
+              const expr = draft.data.config.expression as Expr;
+              if (expr) {
+                stack.push(expr);
+                while (stack.length > 0) {
+                  const n = stack.pop()!;
+                  if ("left" in n) {
+                    stack.push(n.left);
+                    if ("selector" in n.left) {
+                      const prevNodeId = n.left.selector.id;
+                      if (nodeIdMap.has(prevNodeId)) {
+                        n.left.selector.id = nodeIdMap.get(prevNodeId)!;
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                  if ("right" in n) {
+                    stack.push(n.right);
+                  }
+                }
+
+                draft.data.config = {
+                  ...draft.data.config,
+                  expression: expr,
+                };
+              }
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return draft;
+    });
+  }
+
   const map = new Map<string, string>();
-  return nodes.map((node) => _deepCloneNode(node, { withCopySuffix: options?.withCopySuffix ?? true, nodeIdMap: map }));
+  return nodes.map((node) => duplicate(node, { withCopySuffix: options?.withCopySuffix ?? true, nodeIdMap: map }));
 };
 // #endregion
 
diff --git a/ui/src/utils/file.ts b/ui/src/utils/file.ts
index 2b7fc7a9..4b78ff7a 100644
--- a/ui/src/utils/file.ts
+++ b/ui/src/utils/file.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
-export function readFileAsText(file: File): Promise<string> {
-  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-    const reader = new FileReader();
+export const readFileAsText = (file: File): Promise<string> => {
+  const { promise, resolve, reject } = Promise.withResolvers<string>();
 
-    reader.onload = () => {
-      if (reader.result) {
-        resolve(reader.result.toString());
-      } else {
-        reject("No content found");
-      }
-    };
+  const reader = new FileReader();
+  reader.onload = () => {
+    if (reader.result != null) {
+      resolve(reader.result.toString());
+    } else {
+      reject(new Error("read file failed: result is null"));
+    }
+  };
+  reader.onerror = () => reject(reader.error);
+  reader.readAsText(file, "utf-8");
 
-    reader.onerror = () => reject(reader.error);
-
-    reader.readAsText(file, "utf-8");
-  });
-}
+  return promise;
+};