mirror of
https://github.com/Asabeneh/30-Days-Of-Python.git
synced 2026-06-03 21:02:42 +08:00
Merge pull request #604 from Archie818/16_python_datetime
added 16_Day_Python_date_time Chinese support
This commit is contained in:
Asabeneh
GitHub
commit
ed7f189236
211
Chinese/16_python_datetime.md
Normal file
211
Chinese/16_python_datetime.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
|
||||
<div align="center">
|
||||
<h1> 30天Python学习：第16天 - Python日期和时间 </h1>
|
||||
<a class="header-badge" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/asabeneh/">
|
||||
<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/style--5eba00.svg?label=LinkedIn&logo=linkedin&style=social">
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
<a class="header-badge" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/Asabeneh">
|
||||
<img alt="Twitter Follow" src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/asabeneh?style=social">
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
<sub>作者：
|
||||
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/asabeneh/" target="_blank">Asabeneh Yetayeh</a><br>
|
||||
<small>第二版：2021 年 7 月</small>
|
||||
</sub>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
[<< 第 15 天](../15_Day_Python_type_errors/15_python_type_errors.md) ｜ [第 17 天 >>](../17_Day_Exception_handling/17_exception_handling.md)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- [📘 第 16 天](#-第16天)
|
||||
- [Python _datetime_ 模块](#python-datetime-模块)
|
||||
- [获取 _datetime_ 信息](#获取-datetime-信息)
|
||||
- [使用 _strftime_ 格式化日期输出](#使用-strftime-格式化日期输出)
|
||||
- [使用 _strptime_ 将字符串转换为时间](#使用-strptime-将字符串转换为时间)
|
||||
- [从 _datetime_ 中使用 _date_](#从-datetime-中使用-date)
|
||||
- [用时间对象表示时间](#用时间对象表示时间)
|
||||
- [计算两个时间点之间的差异](#计算两个时间点之间的差异)
|
||||
- [使用 _timedelta_ 计算两个时间点之间的差异](#使用-timedelta-计算两个时间点之间的差异)
|
||||
- [💻 练习：第 16 天](#-练习-第16天)
|
||||
|
||||
# 📘 第 16 天
|
||||
|
||||
## Python _datetime_ 模块
|
||||
|
||||
Python 有一个 _datetime_ 模块来处理日期和时间。
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import datetime
|
||||
print(dir(datetime))
|
||||
['MAXYEAR', 'MINYEAR', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'date', 'datetime', 'datetime_CAPI', 'sys', 'time', 'timedelta', 'timezone', 'tzinfo']
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用 dir 或 help 内置命令可以知道某个模块中可用的函数。如你所见，datetime 模块中有很多函数，但我们将专注于 _date_, _datetime_, _time_ 和 _timedelta_。让我们一一看一下它们。
|
||||
|
||||
### 获取 _datetime_ 信息
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
from datetime import datetime
|
||||
now = datetime.now()
|
||||
print(now) # 2021-07-08 07:34:46.549883
|
||||
day = now.day # 8
|
||||
month = now.month # 7
|
||||
year = now.year # 2021
|
||||
hour = now.hour # 7
|
||||
minute = now.minute # 38
|
||||
second = now.second
|
||||
timestamp = now.timestamp()
|
||||
print(day, month, year, hour, minute)
|
||||
print('timestamp', timestamp)
|
||||
print(f'{day}/{month}/{year}, {hour}:{minute}') # 8/7/2021, 7:38
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
时间戳或 Unix 时间戳是从 1970 年 1 月 1 日 UTC 起经过的秒数。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 _strftime_ 格式化日期输出
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
from datetime import datetime
|
||||
new_year = datetime(2020, 1, 1)
|
||||
print(new_year) # 2020-01-01 00:00:00
|
||||
day = new_year.day
|
||||
month = new_year.month
|
||||
year = new_year.year
|
||||
hour = new_year.hour
|
||||
minute = new_year.minute
|
||||
second = new_year.second
|
||||
print(day, month, year, hour, minute) #1 1 2020 0 0
|
||||
print(f'{day}/{month}/{year}, {hour}:{minute}') # 1/1/2020, 0:0
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用 _strftime_ 方法格式化日期时间，可以在[这里](https://strftime.org/)找到文档。
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
from datetime import datetime
|
||||
# 当前日期和时间
|
||||
now = datetime.now()
|
||||
t = now.strftime("%H:%M:%S")
|
||||
print("time:", t)
|
||||
time_one = now.strftime("%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S")
|
||||
# mm/dd/YY H:M:S 格式
|
||||
print("time one:", time_one)
|
||||
time_two = now.strftime("%d/%m/%Y, %H:%M:%S")
|
||||
# dd/mm/YY H:M:S 格式
|
||||
print("time two:", time_two)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```sh
|
||||
time: 01:05:01
|
||||
time one: 12/05/2019, 01:05:01
|
||||
time two: 05/12/2019, 01:05:01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下面是我们用来格式化时间的 _strftime_ 符号。此模块的所有格式示例。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 _strptime_ 将字符串转换为时间
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一个帮助理解格式的[文档](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/datetime/strptimet)。
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
from datetime import datetime
|
||||
date_string = "5 December, 2019"
|
||||
print("date_string =", date_string)
|
||||
date_object = datetime.strptime(date_string, "%d %B, %Y")
|
||||
print("date_object =", date_object)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```sh
|
||||
date_string = 5 December, 2019
|
||||
date_object = 2019-12-05 00:00:00
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 从 _datetime_ 中使用 _date_
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
from datetime import date
|
||||
d = date(2020, 1, 1)
|
||||
print(d)
|
||||
print('Current date:', d.today()) # 2019-12-05
|
||||
# 今日日期对象
|
||||
today = date.today()
|
||||
print("Current year:", today.year) # 2019
|
||||
print("Current month:", today.month) # 12
|
||||
print("Current day:", today.day) # 5
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 用时间对象表示时间
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
from datetime import time
|
||||
# time(hour = 0, minute = 0, second = 0)
|
||||
a = time()
|
||||
print("a =", a)
|
||||
# time(hour, minute and second)
|
||||
b = time(10, 30, 50)
|
||||
print("b =", b)
|
||||
# time(hour, minute and second)
|
||||
c = time(hour=10, minute=30, second=50)
|
||||
print("c =", c)
|
||||
# time(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
|
||||
d = time(10, 30, 50, 200555)
|
||||
print("d =", d)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
输出结果
|
||||
a = 00:00:00
|
||||
b = 10:30:50
|
||||
c = 10:30:50
|
||||
d = 10:30:50.200555
|
||||
|
||||
### 计算两个时间点之间的差异
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
today = date(year=2019, month=12, day=5)
|
||||
new_year = date(year=2020, month=1, day=1)
|
||||
time_left_for_newyear = new_year - today
|
||||
# 距离新年的时间：27天，0:00:00
|
||||
print('Time left for new year: ', time_left_for_newyear)
|
||||
|
||||
t1 = datetime(year = 2019, month = 12, day = 5, hour = 0, minute = 59, second = 0)
|
||||
t2 = datetime(year = 2020, month = 1, day = 1, hour = 0, minute = 0, second = 0)
|
||||
diff = t2 - t1
|
||||
print('Time left for new year:', diff) # 距离新年：26天，23:01:00
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 _timedelta_ 计算两个时间点之间的差异
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
from datetime import timedelta
|
||||
t1 = timedelta(weeks=12, days=10, hours=4, seconds=20)
|
||||
t2 = timedelta(days=7, hours=5, minutes=3, seconds=30)
|
||||
t3 = t1 - t2
|
||||
print("t3 =", t3)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```sh
|
||||
date_string = 5 December, 2019
|
||||
date_object = 2019-12-05 00:00:00
|
||||
t3 = 86 days, 22:56:50
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
🌕 你是非凡的。你已经向着伟大的道路迈出了第 16 步。现在为你的大脑和肌肉做一些练习吧。
|
||||
|
||||
## 💻 练习：第 16 天
|
||||
|
||||
1. 获取当前日期、月、年、小时、分钟和时间戳
|
||||
2. 使用此格式格式化当前日期：“%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S”
|
||||
3. 今天是 2019 年 12 月 5 日。将这个时间字符串转换为时间。
|
||||
4. 计算现在和新年之间的时间差。
|
||||
5. 计算 1970 年 1 月 1 日和现在之间的时间差。
|
||||
6. 想想，你可以使用 datetime 模块做什么？示例：
|
||||
- 时间序列分析
|
||||
- 获取应用程序中任何活动的时间戳
|
||||
- 添加博客上的帖子
|
||||
|
||||
🎉 恭喜你 ! 🎉
|
||||
|
||||
[<< 第 15 天](../15_Day_Python_type_errors/15_python_type_errors.md) ｜ [第 17 天 >>](../17_Day_Exception_handling/17_exception_handling.md)
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user