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Pawel Kiczko
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@ -22,67 +22,68 @@
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- [📘 Day 11](#%f0%9f%93%98-day-11)
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- [Functions](#functions)
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- [Defining a Function](#defining-a-function)
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- [Declaring and calling a function](#declaring-and-calling-a-function)
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- [Function without parameters](#function-without-parameters)
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- [Function returning value](#function-returning-value)
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- [Function with parameters](#function-with-parameters)
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- [Passing arguments with key and value](#passing-arguments-with-key-and-value)
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- [Returning a value from a function](#returning-a-value-from-a-function)
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- [Function with default parameters](#function-with-default-parameters)
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- [Arbitrary number of arguments](#arbitrary-number-of-arguments)
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- [Default and arbitrary number of parameters in function](#default-and-arbitrary-number-of-parameters-in-function)
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- [Function as parameter of other function](#function-as-parameter-of-other-function)
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- [Declaring and Calling a Function](#declaring-and-calling-a-function)
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- [Function without Parameters](#function-without-parameters)
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- [Function Returning a Value - Part 1](#function-returning-a-value---part-1)
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- [Function with Parameters](#function-with-parameters)
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- [Passing Arguments with Key and Value](#passing-arguments-with-key-and-value)
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- [Function Returning a Value - Part 2](#function-returning-a-value---part-2)
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- [Function with Default Parameters](#function-with-default-parameters)
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- [Arbitrary Number of Arguments](#arbitrary-number-of-arguments)
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- [Default and Arbitrary Number of Parameters in Functions](#default-and-arbitrary-number-of-parameters-in-functions)
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- [Function as a Parameter of Another Function](#function-as-a-parameter-of-another-function)
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- [💻 Exercises: Day 11](#%f0%9f%92%bb-exercises-day-11)
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# 📘 Day 11
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## Functions
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So far we have seen many builtin python functions. In this section, we will focus on custom functions. What is a function? Before we start making functions, lets understand what function is and why we need function?
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So far we have seen many built-in python functions. In this section, we will focus on custom functions. What is a function? Before we start making functions, lets learn what a function is and why we need them?
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### Defining a Function
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A function is a reusable block of code or programming statements designed to perform a certain task. To define a function, Python provides the _def_ keyword. The following is the syntax of defining a function. The function block of code only executed only if we call the function.
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A function is a reusable block of code or programming statements designed to perform a certain task. To define a function, Python provides the _def_ keyword. The following is the syntax for defining a function. The function block of code is executed only if we call it.
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### Declaring and calling a function
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### Declaring and Calling a Function
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When we make a function we call it declaring a function. When we start using the function we call it calling or invoking a function. Function can be declared with or without a parameter.
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When we make a function we call it declaring a function. When we start using the it we call it calling or invoking a function. Function can be declared with or without parameters.
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```py
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# syntax
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# Declaring a function
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def function_name():
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# syntax
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# Declaring a function
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def function_name():
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codes
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codes
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# Calling function
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function_name()
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# Calling a function
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function_name()
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```
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### Function without parameters
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### Function without Parameters
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Function can be declared without parameters.
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Function can be declared without a parameter.
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**Example:**
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```py
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def generate_full_name ():
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first_name = 'Asabeneh'
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last_name = 'Yetayeh'
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space = ' '
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full_name = first_name + space + last_name
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print(full_name)
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generate_full_name () # calling a function
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def generate_full_name ():
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first_name = 'Asabeneh'
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last_name = 'Yetayeh'
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space = ' '
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full_name = first_name + space + last_name
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print(full_name)
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generate_full_name () # calling a function
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def add_two_numbers ():
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num_one = 2
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num_two = 3
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total = num_one + num_two
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print(total)
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add_two_numbers()
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def add_two_numbers ():
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num_one = 2
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num_two = 3
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total = num_one + num_two
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print(total)
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add_two_numbers()
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```
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### Function returning value
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### Function Returning a Value - Part 1
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Function can also return values, if a function does not return values the value of the function is None. Lets rewrite the above functions using return. From now on, we return value to a function instead of printing it.
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Function can also return values, if a function does not return any, the value of the function is None. Lets rewrite the above functions using return. From now on, we get a value when calling the function, instead of printing it.
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```py
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def generate_full_name ():
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@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ def add_two_numbers ():
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print(add_two_numbers())
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```
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### Function with parameters
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### Function with Parameters
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In a function we can pass different data types(number, string, boolean, list, tuple, dictionary or set) as a parameter
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@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ sum_of_numbers(10) # 55
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sum_of_numbers(100) # 5050
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```
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- Two Parameter: A function may or may not have a parameter or parameters. A function may have two or more parameters. If our function takes parameters we should call our function with arguments. Let's see function with two parameters:
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- Two Parameter: A function may or may not have a parameter or parameters. A function may have two or more parameters. If our function takes parameters we should call it with arguments. Let's check a function with two parameters:
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```py
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# syntax
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@ -165,189 +166,189 @@ sum_of_numbers(100) # 5050
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**Example:**
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```py
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def generate_full_name (first_name, last_name):
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space = ' '
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def generate_full_name (first_name, last_name):
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space = ' '
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full_name = first_name + space + last_name
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return full_name
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print('Full Name: ', generate_full_name('Asabeneh','Yetayeh'))
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print('Full Name: ', generate_full_name('Asabeneh','Yetayeh'))
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def sum_two_numbers (num_one, num_two):
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sum = num_one + num_two
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return sum
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print('Sum of two numbers: ', sum_two_numbers(1, 9))
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def sum_two_numbers (num_one, num_two):
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sum = num_one + num_two
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return sum
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print('Sum of two numbers: ', sum_two_numbers(1, 9))
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def calculate_age (current_year, birth_year):
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age = current_year - birth_year
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return age;
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def calculate_age (current_year, birth_year):
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age = current_year - birth_year
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return age;
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print('Age: ', calculate_age(2019, 1819))
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print('Age: ', calculate_age(2019, 1819))
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def weight_of_object (mass, gravity):
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weight = str(mass * gravity)+ ' N' # the value has to be changed to string first
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return weight
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print('Weight of an object in Newton: ', weight_of_object(100, 9.81))
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def weight_of_object (mass, gravity):
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weight = str(mass * gravity)+ ' N' # the value has to be changed to a string first
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return weight
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print('Weight of an object in Newtons: ', weight_of_object(100, 9.81))
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```
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### Passing arguments with key and value
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### Passing Arguments with Key and Value
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If we pass the arguments with key and value, the order of the arguments does not matter.
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```py
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# syntax
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# Declaring a function
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def function_name(para1, para2):
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# syntax
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# Declaring a function
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def function_name(para1, para2):
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codes
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codes
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# Calling function
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function_name(para1='John', para2='Doe') # the order of argument now does not matter
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# Calling function
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function_name(para1='John', para2='Doe') # the order of arguments does not matter here
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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def print_fullname(firstname, lastname):
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space = ' '
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full_name = firstname + space + lastname
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print(full_name)
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print_fullname(firstname='Asabeneh', lastname='Yetayeh')
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def print_fullname(firstname, lastname):
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space = ' '
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full_name = firstname + space + lastname
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print(full_name)
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print_fullname(firstname='Asabeneh', lastname='Yetayeh')
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def add_two_numbers (num1, num2):
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def add_two_numbers (num1, num2):
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total = num1 + num2
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print(total)
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add_two_numbers(num2=3, num1=2) # Order does not matter
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add_two_numbers(num2=3, num1=2) # Order does not matter
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```
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### Returning a value from a function
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### Function Returning a Value - Part 2
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If we do not return a value from a function, then our function is returning _None_ by default. To return a value from a function we use the key word _return_ followed by the data type we are returning. We can return any kind of data types from a function.
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If we do not return a value with a function, then our function is returning _None_ by default. To return a value with a function we use the keyword _return_ followed by the variable we are returning. We can return any kind of data types from a function.
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- Returning string:
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**Example:**
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- Returning a string:
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**Example:**
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```py
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def print_name(firstname):
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return firstname
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print_name('Asabeneh') # Asabeneh
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def print_name(firstname):
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return firstname
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print_name('Asabeneh') # Asabeneh
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def print_full_name(firstname, lastname):
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space = ' '
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full_name = firstname + space + lastname
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return full_name
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print_full_name(firstname='Asabeneh', lastname='Yetayeh')
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def print_full_name(firstname, lastname):
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space = ' '
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full_name = firstname + space + lastname
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return full_name
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print_full_name(firstname='Asabeneh', lastname='Yetayeh')
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```
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- Returning Number:
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- Returning a number:
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**Example:**
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```py
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def add_two_numbers (num1, num2):
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total = num1 + num2
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return total
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print(add_two_numbers(2, 3))
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def add_two_numbers (num1, num2):
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total = num1 + num2
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return total
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print(add_two_numbers(2, 3))
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def calculate_age (current_year, birth_year):
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age = current_year - birth_year
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return age;
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print('Age: ', calculate_age(2019, 1819))
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def calculate_age (current_year, birth_year):
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age = current_year - birth_year
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return age;
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print('Age: ', calculate_age(2019, 1819))
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```
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- Returning Boolean:
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- Returning a boolean:
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**Example:**
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```py
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def is_even (n):
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if n % 2 == 0:
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print('even')
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return True
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return False
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print(is_even(10)) # True
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print(is_even(7)) # False
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def is_even (n):
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if n % 2 == 0:
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print('even')
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return True # return stops further execution of the function, similar to break
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return False
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print(is_even(10)) # True
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print(is_even(7)) # False
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```
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- Returning List:
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- Returning a list:
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**Example:**
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```py
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def find_even_numbers(n):
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evens = []
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for i in range(n+1):
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if i % 2 == 0:
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evens.append(i)
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return evens
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print(find_even_numbers(10))
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def find_even_numbers(n):
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evens = []
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for i in range(n+1):
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if i % 2 == 0:
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evens.append(i)
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return evens
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print(find_even_numbers(10))
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```
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### Function with default parameters
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### Function with Default Parameters
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Sometimes we pass default values to parameters, when we invoke the function if we do not pass an argument the default value will be used.
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Sometimes we pass default values to parameters, when we invoke the function. If we do not pass arguments when calling the function, their default values will be used.
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```py
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# syntax
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# Declaring a function
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def function_name(param = value):
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# syntax
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# Declaring a function
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def function_name(param = value):
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codes
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codes
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# Calling function
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function_name()
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function_name(arg)
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# Calling function
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function_name()
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function_name(arg)
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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def greetings (name = 'Peter'):
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def greetings (name = 'Peter'):
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message = name + ', welcome to Python for Everyone!'
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return message
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print(greetings())
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print(greetings('Asabeneh'))
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print(greetings())
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print(greetings('Asabeneh'))
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def generate_full_name (first_name = 'Asabeneh', last_name = 'Yetayeh'):
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space = ' '
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full_name = first_name + space + last_name
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return full_name
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def generate_full_name (first_name = 'Asabeneh', last_name = 'Yetayeh'):
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space = ' '
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full_name = first_name + space + last_name
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return full_name
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print(generate_full_name())
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print(generate_full_name('David','Smith'))
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print(generate_full_name())
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print(generate_full_name('David','Smith'))
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def calculate_age (birth_year,current_year = 2019):
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age = current_year - birth_year
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return age;
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print('Age: ', calculate_age(1819))
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def calculate_age (birth_year,current_year = 2019):
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age = current_year - birth_year
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return age;
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print('Age: ', calculate_age(1819))
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def weight_of_object (mass, gravity = 9.81):
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weight = str(mass * gravity)+ ' N' # the value has to be changed to string first
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return weight
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print('Weight of an object in Newton: ', weight_of_object(100)) # 9.81 gravity at the surface of Earth
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print('Weight of an object in Newton: ', weight_of_object(100, 1.62)) # gravity at surface of Moon
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def weight_of_object (mass, gravity = 9.81):
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weight = str(mass * gravity)+ ' N' # the value has to be changed to string first
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return weight
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print('Weight of an object in Newtons: ', weight_of_object(100)) # 9.81 - average gravity on Earth's surface
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print('Weight of an object in Newtons: ', weight_of_object(100, 1.62)) # gravity on the surface of the Moon
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```
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### Arbitrary number of arguments
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### Arbitrary Number of Arguments
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If we do not know the number of arguments we pass to our function we can create a function which can take arbitrary number of arguments by add \* before the parameter name.
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If we do not know the number of arguments we pass to our function, we can create a function which can take arbitrary number of arguments by adding \* before the parameter name.
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```py
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# syntax
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# Declaring a function
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def function_name(*args):
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# syntax
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# Declaring a function
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def function_name(*args):
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codes
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codes
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# Calling function
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function_name(param1, param2, param3,..)
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# Calling function
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function_name(param1, param2, param3,..)
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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def sum_all_nums(*nums):
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total = 0
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for num in nums:
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total += num
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return total
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print(sum_all_nums(2, 3, 5))
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def sum_all_nums(*nums):
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total = 0
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for num in nums:
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total += num # same as total = total + num
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return total
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print(sum_all_nums(2, 3, 5))
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```
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### Default and arbitrary number of parameters in function
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### Default and Arbitrary Number of Parameters in Functions
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```py
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def generate_groups (team,*args):
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@ -357,58 +358,56 @@ def generate_groups (team,*args):
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generate_groups('Team-1','Asabeneh','Brook','David','Eyob')
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```
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### Function as parameter of other function
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### Function as a Parameter of Another Function
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```py
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#You can pass functions around as parameters
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def square_number (n):
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return n * n
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def do_something(f, x):
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return f(x)
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print(do_something(square_number, 3))
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#You can pass functions around as parameters
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def square_number (n):
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return n * n
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def do_something(f, x):
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return f(x)
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print(do_something(square_number, 3))
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```
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## 💻 Exercises: Day 11
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1. Declare a function _add_two_numbers_ and it takes two two parameters and it returns sum.
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2. Area of a circle is calculated as follows: area = π x r x r. Write a function which calculates _area_of_circle_.
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3. Write a function called add_all_nums which take arbitrary number of arguments and sum all the arguments. Check if all the list items are number types. If not give return reasonable feedback.
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4. Temperature in oC can be converted to oF using this formula: oF = (oC x 9/5) + 32. Write a function which converts oC to oF, _convert_celcius_to-fahrenheit_.
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5. Write a function called check-season, it takes a month parameter and returns the season:Autumn, Winter, Spring or Summer.
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6. Write a function called calculate_slope which return the slop of a linear equation
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7. Quadratic equation is calculated as follows: ax2 + bx + c = 0. Write a function which calculates solution set of a quadratic equation, _solve_quadratic_eqn_.
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8. Declare a function name print_list. It takes list as a parameter and it prints out each element of the list.
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9. Declare a function name reverse_list. It takes array as a parameter and it returns the reverse of the array (dont’ use method).
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1. Declare a function _add_two_numbers_. It takes two parameters and it returns a sum.
|
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2. Area of a circle is calculated as follows: area = π x r x r. Write a function that calculates _area_of_circle_.
|
||||
3. Write a function called add_all_nums which takes arbitrary number of arguments and sums all the arguments. Check if all the list items are number types. If not do give a reasonable feedback.
|
||||
4. Temperature in °C can be converted to °F using this formula: °F = (°C x 9/5) + 32. Write a function which converts °C to °F, _convert_celcius_to-fahrenheit_.
|
||||
5. Write a function called check-season, it takes a month parameter and returns the season: Autumn, Winter, Spring or Summer.
|
||||
6. Write a function called calculate_slope which return the slope of a linear equation
|
||||
7. Quadratic equation is calculated as follows: ax² + bx + c = 0. Write a function which calculates solution set of a quadratic equation, _solve_quadratic_eqn_.
|
||||
8. Declare a function named print_list. It takes a list as a parameter and it prints out each element of the list.
|
||||
9. Declare a function named reverse_list. It takes an array as a parameter and it returns the reverse of the array (use loops).
|
||||
|
||||
```py
|
||||
print(reverse_list([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))
|
||||
# [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
|
||||
print(reverse_list1.(["A", "B", "C"]))
|
||||
# ["C", "B", "A"]
|
||||
print(reverse_list([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))
|
||||
# [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
|
||||
print(reverse_list1(["A", "B", "C"]))
|
||||
# ["C", "B", "A"]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
10. Declare a function name capitalize_list_items. It takes list as a parameter and it returns the capitalized list of the items
|
||||
11.
|
||||
|
||||
- Declare a function name add_item. It takes a list and an item parameter and it returns a list after adding the item
|
||||
10. Declare a function named capitalize_list_items. It takes a list as a parameter and it returns a capitalized list of items
|
||||
11. Declare a function named add_item. It takes a list and an item parameters. It returns a list with the item added at the end.
|
||||
|
||||
```py
|
||||
food_staff = ['Potato', 'Tomato', 'Mango', 'Milk'];
|
||||
print( add_item(food_staff, 'Meat')) # ['Potato', 'Tomato', 'Mango', 'Milk','Meat'];
|
||||
numbers = [2, 3,7,9];
|
||||
print(add_item(numbers, 5)) [2, 3,7,9,5]
|
||||
food_staff = ['Potato', 'Tomato', 'Mango', 'Milk'];
|
||||
print( add_item(food_staff, 'Meat')) # ['Potato', 'Tomato', 'Mango', 'Milk','Meat'];
|
||||
numbers = [2, 3, 7, 9];
|
||||
print(add_item(numbers, 5)) [2, 3, 7, 9, 5]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Declare a function name remove_item. It takes a list and an item parameter and it returns a list after removing an item.
|
||||
12. Declare a function named remove_item. It takes a list and an item parameters. It returns a list with the item removed from it.
|
||||
|
||||
```py
|
||||
food_staff = ['Potato', 'Tomato', 'Mango', 'Milk'];
|
||||
print(remove_item(food_staff, 'Mango')) # ['Potato', 'Tomato', 'Milk'];
|
||||
numbers = [2, 3,7, 9];
|
||||
print(remove_item(numbers, 3)) # [2, 7, 9]
|
||||
food_staff = ['Potato', 'Tomato', 'Mango', 'Milk'];
|
||||
print(remove_item(food_staff, 'Mango')) # ['Potato', 'Tomato', 'Milk'];
|
||||
numbers = [2, 3, 7, 9];
|
||||
print(remove_item(numbers, 3)) # [2, 7, 9]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
1. Declare a function name sum_of_numbers. It takes a number parameter and it adds all the numbers in that range.
|
||||
13. Declare a function named sum_of_numbers. It takes a number parameter and it adds all the numbers in that range.
|
||||
|
||||
```py
|
||||
print(sum_of_numbers(5)) # 15
|
||||
@ -418,9 +417,9 @@ print(sum_all_numbers(100)) # 5050
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. Declare a function name sum_of_odds. It takes a number parameter and it adds all the odd numbers in that range.
|
||||
3. Declare a function name sum_of_even. It takes a number parameter and it adds all the even numbers in that - range.
|
||||
Declare a function name evens_and_odds . It takes a positive integer as parameter and it counts number of evens and odds in the number.
|
||||
14. Declare a function named sum_of_odds. It takes a number parameter and it adds all the odd numbers in that range.
|
||||
15. Declare a function named sum_of_even. It takes a number parameter and it adds all the even numbers in that - range.
|
||||
16. Declare a function named evens_and_odds . It takes a positive integer as parameter and it counts number of evens and odds in the number.
|
||||
|
||||
```py
|
||||
print(evens_and_odds(100))
|
||||
@ -428,17 +427,17 @@ print(sum_all_numbers(100)) # 5050
|
||||
# The number of evens are 51.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
15. Call your function factorial, it takes a whole number as a parameter and it return a factorial of the number
|
||||
Call your function _is_empty_, it takes a parameter and it checks if it is empty or not
|
||||
16. Write different functions which take lists and it calculate_mean, calculate_median, calculate_mode, calculate_range, calculate_variance, calculate_std.
|
||||
17. Write a function called is_prime, which checks if a number is prime number.
|
||||
18. Write a functions which checks if all items are unique in the list.
|
||||
19. Write a function which checks if all the items of the list are the same data type.
|
||||
20. Write a function which check if variable if valid python variable
|
||||
21. Go the data folder and access the countries-data.py file.
|
||||
17. Call your function factorial, it takes a whole number as a parameter and it return a factorial of the number
|
||||
18. Call your function _is_empty_, it takes a parameter and it checks if it is empty or not
|
||||
19. Write different functions which take lists. They should calculate_mean, calculate_median, calculate_mode, calculate_range, calculate_variance, calculate_std (standard deviation).
|
||||
20. Write a function called is_prime, which checks if a number is prime.
|
||||
21. Write a functions which checks if all items are unique in the list.
|
||||
22. Write a function which checks if all the items of the list are of the same data type.
|
||||
23. Write a function which check if provided variable is a valid python variable
|
||||
24. Go to the data folder and access the countries-data.py file.
|
||||
|
||||
- Create a function called the most_spoken_languages the world and it returns the 10 or 20 most spoken countries in the world in descending order
|
||||
- Create a function called the most_populated_countries and it return 10 or 20 most populated countries in descending order.
|
||||
- Create a function called the most_spoken_languages in the world. It should return 10 or 20 most spoken languages in the world in descending order
|
||||
- Create a function called the most_populated_countries. It should return 10 or 20 most populated countries in descending order.
|
||||
|
||||
🎉 CONGRATULATIONS ! 🎉
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user