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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
![30DaysOfPython](./images/30DaysOfPython_banner3@2x.png)
## Table of Content
## Table of Contents
- [Day 1](#day-1)
- [Welcome](#welcome)
- [Introduction](#introduction)
@ -30,10 +30,17 @@
- [Built in functions](#built-in-functions)
- [Variables](#variables)
- [Data Types](#data-types)
- [Number](#number-1)
- [String](#string-1)
- [Boolean](#boolean)
- [Checking Data types and Casting](#checking-data-types-and-casting)
- [Number](#number-1)
- [Exercises - Day 2](#exercises---day-2)
- [Day 3](#day-3)
- [Boolean](#boolean)
- [Operators:](#operators)
- [Arithmetic Operators:](#arithmetic-operators)
- [Comparison Operators](#comparison-operators)
- [Logical Operators](#logical-operators)
- [Exercises - Day 3](#exercises---day-3)
- [Part 1](#part-1)
# Day 1
## Welcome
@ -262,21 +269,21 @@ The python interactive shell was printing without using **print** but on visual
helloworld.py
```py
# Day 1 - 30DaysOfPython Challenge
print(2 + 3) # addition(+)
print(3 - 1) # subtraction(-)
print(2 * 3) # multiplication(*)
print(3 / 2) # division(/)
print(3 ** 2) # exponential(**)
print(3 % 2) # modulus(%)
print(3 // 2) # Floor division operator(//)
print(2 + 3) # addition(+)
print(3 - 1) # subtraction(-)
print(2 * 3) # multiplication(*)
print(3 / 2) # division(/)
print(3 ** 2) # exponential(**)
print(3 % 2) # modulus(%)
print(3 // 2) # Floor division operator(//)
# Checking data types
print(type(10)) # Int
print(type(3.14)) # Float
print(type(1 + 3j)) # Complex number
print(type('Asabeneh')) # String
print(type([1, 2, 3])) # List
print(type({'name':'Asabeneh'})) #Dictionary
print(type({9.8, 3.14, 2.7})) #Tuple
print(type({'name':'Asabeneh'})) # Dictionary
print(type({9.8, 3.14, 2.7})) # Tuple
```
![Running python script](./images/running_python_script.png)
@ -312,7 +319,7 @@ In python we have lots of built in functions. Built-in functions are globally av
![Built in Functions](images/builtin-functions.png)
Let's open the python shell and start using the some of the most common built in functions.
Let's open the python shell and start using some of the most common built in functions.
![Built in functions](images/builtin-functions_practice.png)
@ -396,7 +403,6 @@ person_info = {
Let's print and also find the length of the variables declared at the top:
**Example:**
```py
# Printing the values stored in the variables
@ -433,31 +439,71 @@ print('Married: ', is_married)
```
## Data Types
Different data types in python. There are different data type in python programming. To identify the data type we use the type method. In this section, we will see data types in detail.
**Example:**
There are several data types in python. To identify the data type we use the *type* builtin function. I like you to focus understanding different data types very well. When it comes to programming it is all about data types. I introduced data types at the very beginning and it comes again, because every topic is related to data types. We will cover data types in more detail in their respective sections.
## Checking Data types and Casting
* Check Data types: To check the data type of a certain data type we use the *type*
**Example:**
```py
# Different python data types
# Different python data types
# Let's declare different data types
first_name = 'Asabeneh' # String
last_name = 'Yetayeh' # String
country = 'Finland' # String
city= 'Helsinki'
age = 250 # Number, it is not my real age, don't worry about it
first_name = 'Asabeneh' # str
last_name = 'Yetayeh' # str
country = 'Finland' # str
city= 'Helsinki' # str
age = 250 # int, it is not my real age, don't worry about it
print(type('Asabeneh'))
print(type(first_name))
print(type(10))
print(type(3.14))
print(type(1 + 1j))
print(type(True))
print(type([1, 2,3,4]))
print(type({'name':'Asabeneh','age':250, 'is_married':250}))
print(type((1,2)))
print(type(zip([1,2],[3,4])))
```
### Number
# Printing out types
print(type('Asabeneh')) # str
print(type(first_name)) # str
print(type(10)) # int
print(type(3.14)) # float
print(type(1 + 1j)) # complex
print(type(True)) # bool
print(type([1, 2,3,4])) # list
print(type({'name':'Asabeneh','age':250, 'is_married':250})) # dict
print(type((1,2))) # tuple
print(type(zip([1,2],[3,4]))) # set
```
* Casting: Converting one data type to another data type. We use *int()*, *float()*, *str()*, *list*
When we do arithmetic operations string numbers should be first converted to int or float if not it returns an error. If we concatenate a number with string, the number should be first converted to a string. We will talk about concatenation in String section.
**Example:**
```py
# int to float
num_int = 10
print('num_int',num_int) # 10
num_float = float(num_int)
print('num_float:', num_float) # 10.0
# float to int
gravity = 9.81
print(int(gravity)) # 9
# int to str
num_int = 10
print(num_int) # 10
num_str = str(num_int)
print(num_str) # '10'
# str to int
num_str = '10.6'
print('num_int', int(num_str)) # 10
print('num_float', float(num_str)) # 11
# str to list
first = 'Asabeneh'
print(first_name)
print(first_name) # 'Asabeneh'
first_name_to_list = list(first_name)
print(first_name_to_list) # ['A', 's', 'a', 'b', 'e', 'n', 'e', 'h']
```
## Number
Numbers are python data types.
1. Integers: Integer(negative, zero and positive) numbers
Example:
@ -472,58 +518,6 @@ print(type(zip([1,2],[3,4])))
1 + j, 2 + 4j, 1 - 1j
Numbers are python data types.
Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /
```py
# Arithmetic Operations in Python
# Integers
print('Addition: ', 1 + 2)
print('Subtraction: ', 2 - 1)
print('Multiplication: ', 2 * 3)
print ('Division: ', 4 / 2) # Division in python gives floating number
print('Division: ', 6 / 2)
print('Division: ', 7 / 2)
print('Division without the remainder: ', 7 // 2) # gives without the floating number or without the remaining
print('Modulus: ', 3 % 2) # Gives the remainder
print ('Division without the remainder: ',7 // 3)
print('Exponential: ', 3 ** 2) # it means 3 * 3
# Floating numbers
print('Floating Number', 3.14)
# Complex numbers
print('Complex number: ', 1+1j)
print('Multiplying complex number: ',(1+1j) * (1-1j))
print('== Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Modules ==')
num_one = 3
num_two = 4
total = num_one + num_two
diff = num_two - num_one
product = num_one * num_two
div = num_two / num_two
remainder = num_two % num_one
print('sum: ', total)
print('difference: ', diff)
print('product: ', product)
print('division: ', div)
print('remainder: ', remainder)
mass = 75
gravity = 9.81
# Calculate the weight of the object on planet earth
weight = mass * gravity
print(weight, 'N')
```
## String
## Boolean
## Exercises - Day 2
1. Inside 30DaysOfPython create a folder called day_2. Inside this folder create a file name called variables.py
2. Writ a python comment saying 'Day 2: 30 Days of python programming'
@ -555,6 +549,228 @@ print(weight, 'N')
3. Take radius as user input and calculate the area.
19. Use the built-in input function to get first name, last name, country and age from a user and store the value to their corresponding variable names
20. Run help('keywords') on python shell or in your file check the reserved words
# Day 3
## Boolean
A boolean data type represents one of the two values:*True* or *False*. The use of these data types will be clear when you start the comparison operator. The first letter **T** for True and **F** for False should be capital unlike JavaScript.
**Example: Boolean Values**
```py
print(True)
print(False)
```
## Operators:
Python language supports several types of operators. In this section, we will focus on few them.
### Arithmetic Operators:
* Addition(+): a + b
* Subtraction(-): a -b
* Multiplication(*):a * b
* Division(/): a / b
* Modulus(%):a % b
* Floor division(//): a // b
* Exponential(**):a ** b
![Arithmetic Operators](./images/arithmetic_operators.png)
**Example:Integers**
```py
# Arithmetic Operations in Python
# Integers
print('Addition: ', 1 + 2)
print('Subtraction: ', 2 - 1)
print('Multiplication: ', 2 * 3)
print ('Division: ', 4 / 2) # Division in python gives floating number
print('Division: ', 6 / 2)
print('Division: ', 7 / 2)
print('Division without the remainder: ', 7 // 2) # gives without the floating number or without the remaining
print('Modulus: ', 3 % 2) # Gives the remainder
print ('Division without the remainder: ',7 // 3)
print('Exponential: ', 3 ** 2) # it means 3 * 3
```
**Example:Floats**
```py
# Floating numbers
print('Floating Number,PI', 3.14)
print('Floating Number, gravity', 9.81)
# Complex numbers
print('Complex number: ', 1+1j)
print('Multiplying complex number: ',(1+1j) * (1-1j))
```
Let's declare a variable and assign a number data type. I am going to use single character variable but remember do not develop a habit of declaring such types of variable. Variable names should be all the time mnemonic.
**Example:**
```python
# Declaring the variable at the top first
a = 3 # a is a variable name and 3 is an integer data type
b = 2 # b is a variable name and 3 is an integer data type
# Arithmetic operations and assigning the result to a avariable
total = a + b
diff = a - b
product = a * b
division = a / b
remainder = a % b
floor_division = a // b
exponential = a ** b
# I should have used sum instead of total but sum is a built-in function try to avoid over ridding builtin functions
print(total) # if you don't label your print with some string, you never know from where is the result is coming
print('a + b = ', total)
print('a - b = ', diff)
print('a * b = ', product)
print('a / b = ', division)
print('a % b = ', remainder)
print('a // b = ', floor_division)
print('a ** b = ', exponential)
```
**Example:**
```py
print('== Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Modulus ==')
# Declaring values and organizing them together
num_one = 3
num_two = 4
# Arithmetic operations
total = num_one + num_two
diff = num_two - num_one
product = num_one * num_two
div = num_two / num_two
remainder = num_two % num_one
# Printing values with label
print('total: ', total)
print('difference: ', diff)
print('product: ', product)
print('division: ', div)
print('remainder: ', remainder)
```
Let's start start connecting the dots and start making use of what we knew to calculate(area, volume, weight, perimeter, distance, force)
**Example:**
```py
# Calculating area of a circle
radius = 10 # radius of a circle
area_of_circle = 3.14 * radius ** 2 # two * sign means exponent or power
print('Area of a circle:', area_of_circle)
# Calculating area of a rectangle
length = 10
width = 20
area_of_rectangle = length * width
print('Area of rectangle:', area_of_width)
# Calculating a weight of an object
mass = 75
gravity = 9.81
weight = mass * gravity
print(weight, 'N') # Adding unit to the weight
```
### Comparison Operators
In programming we compare values, we use comparison operators to compare two values. We check if a value is greater or less or equal to other value. The following table shows python comparison operators which was taken from [w3shool](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_operators.asp).
![Comparison Operators](./images/comparison_operators.png)
**Example: Comparison Operators**
```py
print(3 > 2) # True, because 3 is greater than 2
print(3 >= 2) # True, because 3 is greater than 2
print(3 < 2) # False, because 3 is greater than 2
print(2 < 3) # True, because 2 is less than 3
print(2 <= 3) # True, because 2 is less than 3
print(3 == 2) # False, because 3 is not equal to 2
print(3 != 2) # True, because 3 is not equal to 2
print(len('mango') == len('avocado')) # False
print(len('mango') != len('avocado')) # True
print(len('mango') < len('avocado')) # False
print(len('milk') != len('meat')) # False
print(len('milk') == len('meat')) # False
print(len('tomato') == len('potato')) # True
print(len('python') > len('dragon'))
# Comparing something give either a True or False
print('True == True: ', True == True)
print('True == False: ', True == False)
print('False == False:', False == False)
print('True and True: ', True and True)
print('True or False:', True or False)
```
In addition to the above comparison operator python uses:
* *is*: Returns true if both variables are the same object(x is y)
* *is not*: Returns true if both variables are not the same object(x is not y)
* *in*: Returns True if a list with the a certain element(x in y)
* *not in*: Returns True if a list doesn't have the a certain element(x in y)
```py
print('1 is 1', 1 is 1) # True - because the data values are the same
print('1 is not 2', 1 is not 2) # True - because 1 is not 2
print('A in Asabeneh', 'A' in 'Asabeneh') # True - A found in the string
print('B in Asabeneh', 'B' in 'Asabeneh') # False -there is lowercase be in the string but not uppercase B
print('coding' in 'coding for all') # True - because the coding for all has the word coding
print('a in an:', 'a' in 'an') # True
print('4 is 2 ** 2:', 4 is 2 **2) # True
```
### Logical Operators
Unlike other programming languages python uses the key word *and*, *or* and *not* for logical operator. Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:
![Logical Operators](./images/logical_operators.png)
```py
print(3 > 2 and 4 > 3) # True - because both statements are true
print(3 > 2 and 4 < 3) # False - because the second statement is false
print(3 < 2 and 4 < 3) # False - because both statements are false
print(3 > 2 or 4 > 3) # True - because both statements are true
print(3 > 2 or 4 < 3) # True - because one of the statement is true
print(3 < 2 or 4 < 3) # False - because both statements are false
print(not 3 > 2) # False - because 3 > 2 is true, then not True gives False
print(not True) # False - Negation, the not operator turns true to false
print(not False) # True
print(not not True) # True
print(not not False) # False
```
## Exercises - Day 3
### Part 1
1. Declare your age as integer variable
2. Declare your height as a float variable
3. Declare a complex number variable
4. Calculate an area of a triangle (area = 0.5 x b x h)
5. Calculate the perimeter of triangle (perimeter = a + b + c)
6. Calculate an of area rectangle (area = length x width)
7. Calculate the perimeter of rectangle (perimeter = 2 x (length + width))
8. Calculate the area of a circle (area = 3.14 x r x r)
9. Calculate the circumference of a circle(c = 2 x pi x r) where pi = 3.14.
10. Calculate the slope, x-intercept and y-intercept of y = 2x -2
11. Slope is (m = y2-y1/x2-x1). Find the slope between point (2, 2) and point(6,10)
12. Calculate the value of y (y = x2 + 6x + 9). Try to use different x value and figure out at what x value y is 0.
13. Compare the slope of q10 and 11
14. Find the length of python and jargon and make a falsy comparison statment.
15. Use and operator to check if 'on' is found in both python and jargon
16. *I hope this course is not full of jargon*. Use *in* operator to check if *jargon* is in the sentence.
17. There is no 'on' in both dragon and python
18. Find the length of the text *python* and convert the value to float and convert it to string
19. Even numbers are divisible by 2 and the remainder is zero. How do you check if a number is even or not using python?