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some part of day 12 added
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readme10-12.md
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readme10-12.md
@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
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- [While Loop](#while-loop)
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- [Break and continue](#break-and-continue)
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- [For Loop](#for-loop)
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- [Break and Continue](#break-and-continue)
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- [The range function](#the-range-function)
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- [Nested for loop](#nested-for-loop)
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- [For Else](#for-else)
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- [Pass](#pass)
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- [Exercises: Day 10](#exercises-day-10)
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@ -22,7 +25,7 @@
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- [Returning a value from a function](#returning-a-value-from-a-function)
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- [Function with default parameters](#function-with-default-parameters)
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- [Arbitrary number of arguments](#arbitrary-number-of-arguments)
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- [Function with default parameter and arbitrary number of parameters](#function-with-default-parameter-and-arbitrary-number-of-parameters)
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- [Default and arbitrary number of parameters in function](#default-and-arbitrary-number-of-parameters-in-function)
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- [Function as parameter of other function](#function-as-parameter-of-other-function)
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- [Exercises: Day 11](#exercises-day-11)
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- [Day 12](#day-12)
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@ -35,229 +38,226 @@ Life is full of routines. In programming also we do lots of repetitive tasks. In
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2. for loop
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### While Loop
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We use the reserved word *while* to make a while loop. While loop is used to execute a block of statements repeatedly until a given condition is satisfied. When the condition becomes false, the line immediately after the loop will be executed.
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```py
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```py
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# syntax
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while condition:
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code goes here
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```
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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```py
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count = 0
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while count < 5:
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print(count)
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count = count + 1
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```
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```
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In the above while loop, the condition become false when count is 5, then the loop stops.
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If we are interested to run block of code once the condition is no longer true, we can use *else*.
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```py
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```py
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# syntax
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while condition:
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code goes here
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else:
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code goes here
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```
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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count = 0
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while count < 5:
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```py
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count = 0
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while count < 5:
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print(count)
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count = count + 1
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else:
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print(count)
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count = count + 1
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else:
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print(count)
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```
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```
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The above loop condition will be false when count is 5 and the loop stops, and execution starts the else statement and 5 prints in the else statement.
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### Break and continue
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* Break: We use break when we like to get out or stop the loop.
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```py
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```py
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# syntax
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while condition:
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code goes here
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if another_condition:
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break
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```
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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```py
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count = 0
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while count < 5:
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print(count)
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count = count + 1
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if count == 3:
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break
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```
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```
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The above while loop only prints 0, 1, 2, but when it reaches 3 it stops.
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* Continue: With the continue statement we can stop the current iteration, and continue with the next:
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```py
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```py
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# syntax
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while condition:
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code goes here
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if another_condition:
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continue
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```
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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```py
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count = 0
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while count < 5:
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if count == 3:
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continue
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print(count)
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count = count + 1
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```
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```
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The above while loop only prints 0, 1, 2,4 but skips 3.
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### For Loop
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A *for* key word used to make a for loop like in other programming language but with some syntax difference. Loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a dictionary, a set, or a string).
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* For loop with list
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in sequence:
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code goes here
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```
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* For loop with list
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in lst:
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code goes here
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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```py
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numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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for number in numbers:
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print(number)
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```
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```
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* For loop with string
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in sequence:
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code goes here
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```
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in string:
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code goes here
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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language = 'Python'
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for letter in language:
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print(letter)
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```
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```py
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language = 'Python'
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for letter in language:
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print(letter)
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```
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* For loop with tuple
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in sequence:
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code goes here
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```
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in tpl:
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code goes here
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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numbers = (0, 1,2,3,4,5)
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for number in numbers:
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print(number)
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```
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```py
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numbers = (0, 1,2,3,4,5)
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for number in numbers:
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print(number)
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```
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* For loop with dictionary
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Looping through a dictionary gives you the key of the dictionary.
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in sequence:
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code goes here
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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person = {
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'first_name':'Asabeneh',
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'last_name':'Yetayeh',
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'age':250,
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'country':'Finland',
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'is_marred':True,
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'skills':['JavaScript', 'React', 'Node', 'MongoDB', 'Python'],
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'address':{
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'street':'Space street',
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'zipcode':'02210'
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}
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}
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for key in person:
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print(key)
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```
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* Loops in set
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in sequence:
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code goes here
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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it_companies = {'Facebook', 'Google', 'Microsoft', 'Apple', 'IBM', 'Oracle', 'Amazon'}
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for company in it_companies:
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print(company)
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```
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in dct:
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code goes here
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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person = {
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'first_name':'Asabeneh',
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'last_name':'Yetayeh',
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'age':250,
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'country':'Finland',
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'is_marred':True,
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'skills':['JavaScript', 'React', 'Node', 'MongoDB', 'Python'],
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'address':{
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'street':'Space street',
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'zipcode':'02210'
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}
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}
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for key in person:
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print(key)
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```
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* Loops in set
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in st:
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code goes here
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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it_companies = {'Facebook', 'Google', 'Microsoft', 'Apple', 'IBM', 'Oracle', 'Amazon'}
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for company in it_companies:
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print(company)
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```
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### Break and Continue
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*Break*: We use break when we like to stop our loop before the loop is completed.
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in sequence:
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code goes here
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if condition:
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break
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```
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in sequence:
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code goes here
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if condition:
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break
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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numbers = (0, 1,2,3,4,5)
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for number in numbers:
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print(number)
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if number == 3:
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break
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```
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```py
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numbers = (0, 1,2,3,4,5)
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for number in numbers:
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print(number)
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if number == 3:
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break
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```
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In the above example, the loop stops when it reaches 3.
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Continue: We use continue when we like to skip some of the step in the iteration of the loop.
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in sequence:
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code goes here
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if condition:
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continue
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```
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in sequence:
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code goes here
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if condition:
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continue
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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numbers = (0, 1,2,3,4,5)
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for number in numbers:
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print(number)
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if number == 3:
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continue
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```
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```py
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numbers = (0, 1,2,3,4,5)
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for number in numbers:
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print(number)
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if number == 3:
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continue
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```
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In the above example, if number is 3 the skip step and continues to the next.
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### The range function
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The range() function uses to loop through a set of code a certain number of times. The *range(start,end, step)* takes three parameters:starting, ending and increment.By default it starts from 0 and the increment is 1. The range sequence doesn't include the end.
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Creating sequence using range
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```py
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lst = list(rang(11))
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print(lst) # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
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st = set(range(11))
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print(st) # {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
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lst = list(rang(0,11,2))
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print(lst) # [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
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st = set(range(0,11,2))
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print(st) # {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
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```
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in range(start, end, increment):
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```
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```py
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lst = list(rang(11))
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print(lst) # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
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st = set(range(11))
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print(st) # {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
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lst = list(rang(0,11,2))
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print(lst) # [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
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st = set(range(0,11,2))
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print(st) # {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
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```
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in range(start, end, increment):
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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for number in range(11):
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print(number) # prints 0 to 10, not including 11
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fruits = ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon']
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for fruit in fruits:
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print(fruit)
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```
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```py
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for number in range(11):
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print(number) # prints 0 to 10, not including 11
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fruits = ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon']
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for fruit in fruits:
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print(fruit)
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```
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### Nested for loop
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We can write loop inside another loop.
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```py
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# syntax
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for x in y:
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for t in s:
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print(t)
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```
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```py
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# syntax
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for x in y:
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for t in s:
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print(t)
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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```py
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person = {
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'first_name': 'Asabeneh',
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'last_name': 'Yetayeh',
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@ -274,30 +274,30 @@ We can write loop inside another loop.
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if key == 'skills':
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for skill in person['skills']:
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print(skill)
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```
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```
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### For Else
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If we want to execute some message when the loop ends, we use else.
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```py
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```py
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# syntax
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for iterator in range(start, end, increment):
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do something
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else:
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print('The loop is ended')
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```
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```
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**Example:**
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```py
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```py
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for number in range(11):
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print(number) # prints 0 to 10, not including 11
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else:
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print('The loop stops at', number)
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```
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```
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### Pass
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In python after semicolon, it requires some code to run but we don't like to execute any code after if or for loop we can write the word *pass* to avoid error.
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## Exercises: Day 10
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1. Iterate 0 to 10 using for loop, do the same using while and do while loop.
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1. Iterate 10 to 0 using for loop, do the same using while and do while loop.
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1. Write a loop that makes seven calls to print() output the following triangle:
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2. Iterate 10 to 0 using for loop, do the same using while and do while loop.
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3. Write a loop that makes seven calls to print() output the following triangle:
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```py
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#
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##
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@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ In python after semicolon, it requires some code to run but we don't like to exe
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######
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#######
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```
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1. Use nested loops to create the following:
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4. Use nested loops to create the following:
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```sh
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# # # # # # # #
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# # # # # # # #
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@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ In python after semicolon, it requires some code to run but we don't like to exe
|
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# # # # # # # #
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# # # # # # # #
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```
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1. Print the following pattern:
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5. Print the following pattern:
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```sh
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0 x 0 = 0
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1 x 1 = 1
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@ -332,19 +332,19 @@ In python after semicolon, it requires some code to run but we don't like to exe
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9 x 9 = 81
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10 x 10 = 100
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```
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1. Iterate through the list, ['Python', 'Numpy','Pandas','Django', 'Flask'] using a for loop and print out the items.
|
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1. Use for loop to iterate from 0 to 100 and print only even numbers
|
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1. Use for loop to iterate from 0 to 100 and print only odd numbers
|
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1. Use for loop to iterate from 0 to 100 and print the sum of all numbers.
|
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6. Iterate through the list, ['Python', 'Numpy','Pandas','Django', 'Flask'] using a for loop and print out the items.
|
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7. Use for loop to iterate from 0 to 100 and print only even numbers
|
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8. Use for loop to iterate from 0 to 100 and print only odd numbers
|
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9. Use for loop to iterate from 0 to 100 and print the sum of all numbers.
|
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```sh
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The sum of all numbers is 5050.
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```
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1. Use for loop to iterate from 0 to 100 and print the sum of all evens and the sum of all odds.
|
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10. Use for loop to iterate from 0 to 100 and print the sum of all evens and the sum of all odds.
|
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```sh
|
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The sum of all evens is 2550. And the sum of all odds is 2500.
|
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```
|
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1. Go to the data folder and use the countries.py file. Loop through the countries and extract all the countries containing the word *land*.
|
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1. This is the fruit list, ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon'] reverse the order using loop.
|
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11. Go to the data folder and use the countries.py file. Loop through the countries and extract all the countries containing the word *land*.
|
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12. This is the fruit list, ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon'] reverse the order using loop.
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|
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# Day 11
|
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## Functions
|
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@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ So far we have seen many builtin python functions. In this section, we will focu
|
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A function is a reusable block of code or programming statements designed to perform a certain task. To define a function, Python provides the *def* keyword. The following is the syntax of defining a function. The function block of code only executed only if we call the function.
|
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### Declaring and calling a function
|
||||
When we make a function we call it declaring a function. When we start using the function we call it calling or invoking a function. Function can be declared with or without a parameter.
|
||||
```py
|
||||
```py
|
||||
# syntax
|
||||
# Declaring a function
|
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def function_name():
|
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@ -361,11 +361,11 @@ When we make a function we call it declaring a function. When we start using the
|
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codes
|
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# Calling function
|
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function_name()
|
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```
|
||||
```
|
||||
### Function without parameters
|
||||
Function can be declared without a parameter.
|
||||
**Example:**
|
||||
```py
|
||||
```py
|
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def generate_full_name ():
|
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first_name = 'Asabeneh'
|
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last_name = 'Yetayeh'
|
||||
@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ Function can be declared without a parameter.
|
||||
total = num_one + num_two
|
||||
print(total)
|
||||
add_two_numbers()
|
||||
```
|
||||
```
|
||||
### Function returning value
|
||||
Function can also return values, if a function does not return values the value of the function is None. Lets rewrite the above functions using return. From now on, we return value to a function instead of printing it.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -404,13 +404,13 @@ print(add_two_numbers())
|
||||
In a function we can pass different data types(number, string, boolean, list, tuple, dictionary or set) as a parameter
|
||||
* Single Parameter: If our function takes a parameter we should call our function with an argument
|
||||
```py
|
||||
# syntax
|
||||
# Declaring a function
|
||||
def function_name(parameter):
|
||||
codes
|
||||
codes
|
||||
# Calling function
|
||||
function_name(parameter)
|
||||
# syntax
|
||||
# Declaring a function
|
||||
def function_name(parameter):
|
||||
codes
|
||||
codes
|
||||
# Calling function
|
||||
function_name(parameter)
|
||||
````
|
||||
**Example:**
|
||||
```py
|
||||
@ -449,13 +449,13 @@ sum_of_numbers(100) # 5050
|
||||
```
|
||||
* Two Parameter: If our function takes parameters we should call our function with arguments
|
||||
```py
|
||||
# syntax
|
||||
# Declaring a function
|
||||
def function_name(para1, para2):
|
||||
codes
|
||||
codes
|
||||
# Calling function
|
||||
function_name(arg1, arg2)
|
||||
# syntax
|
||||
# Declaring a function
|
||||
def function_name(para1, para2):
|
||||
codes
|
||||
codes
|
||||
# Calling function
|
||||
function_name(arg1, arg2)
|
||||
````
|
||||
**Example:**
|
||||
```py
|
||||
@ -485,17 +485,16 @@ print('Weight of an object in Newton: ', weight_of_object(100, 9.81))
|
||||
### Passing arguments with key and value
|
||||
If we pass the arguments with key and value, the order of the arguments does not matter.
|
||||
```py
|
||||
# syntax
|
||||
# Declaring a function
|
||||
def function_name(para1, para2):
|
||||
codes
|
||||
codes
|
||||
# Calling function
|
||||
function_name(para1='John', para2='Doe') # the order of argument now does not matter
|
||||
# syntax
|
||||
# Declaring a function
|
||||
def function_name(para1, para2):
|
||||
codes
|
||||
codes
|
||||
# Calling function
|
||||
function_name(para1='John', para2='Doe') # the order of argument now does not matter
|
||||
````
|
||||
**Example:**
|
||||
```py
|
||||
# syntax
|
||||
def print_fullname(firstname, lastname):
|
||||
space = ' '
|
||||
full_name = firstname + space + lastname
|
||||
@ -511,25 +510,22 @@ add_two_numbers(num2=3, num1=2) # Order does not matter
|
||||
### Returning a value from a function
|
||||
If we do not return a value from a function, then our function is returning *None* by default. To return a value from a function we use the key word *return* followed by the data type we are returning. We can return any kind of data types from a function.
|
||||
* Returning string:
|
||||
|
||||
**Example:**
|
||||
```py
|
||||
# syntax
|
||||
def print_name(firstname):
|
||||
return firstname
|
||||
print_name('Asabeneh') # Asabeneh
|
||||
def print_name(firstname):
|
||||
return firstname
|
||||
print_name('Asabeneh') # Asabeneh
|
||||
|
||||
def print_full_name(firstname, lastname):
|
||||
space = ' '
|
||||
full_name = firstname + space + lastname
|
||||
return full_name
|
||||
print_full_name(firstname='Asabeneh', lastname='Yetayeh')
|
||||
def print_full_name(firstname, lastname):
|
||||
space = ' '
|
||||
full_name = firstname + space + lastname
|
||||
return full_name
|
||||
print_full_name(firstname='Asabeneh', lastname='Yetayeh')
|
||||
```
|
||||
* Returning Number:
|
||||
|
||||
**Example:**
|
||||
```py
|
||||
# syntax
|
||||
def add_two_numbers (num1, num2):
|
||||
total = num1 + num2
|
||||
return total
|
||||
@ -538,13 +534,11 @@ print(add_two_numbers(2, 3))
|
||||
def calculate_age (current_year, birth_year):
|
||||
age = current_year - birth_year
|
||||
return age;
|
||||
|
||||
print('Age: ', calculate_age(2019, 1819))
|
||||
```
|
||||
* Returning Boolean:
|
||||
**Example:**
|
||||
```py
|
||||
# syntax
|
||||
def is_even (n):
|
||||
if n % 2 == 0:
|
||||
print('even')
|
||||
@ -555,7 +549,6 @@ print(is_even(10)) # True
|
||||
* Returning List:
|
||||
**Example:**
|
||||
```py
|
||||
# syntax
|
||||
def find_even_numbers(n):
|
||||
evens = []
|
||||
for i in range(n+1):
|
||||
@ -623,7 +616,7 @@ def sum_all_nums(*nums):
|
||||
print(sum_all_nums(2, 3, 5))
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
### Function with default parameter and arbitrary number of parameters
|
||||
### Default and arbitrary number of parameters in function
|
||||
```py
|
||||
def generate_groups (team,*args):
|
||||
print(team)
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user