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02_Day_Variables_builtin_functions/02_variables_builtin_functions.md
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@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
## Built in functions
In Python we have lots of built-in functions. Built-in functions are globally available for your use that mean you can make use of the built-in functions without importing or configuring. Some of the most commonly used Python built-in functions are the following: _print()_, _len()_, _type()_, _int()_, _float()_, _str()_, _input()_, _list()_, _dict()_, _min()_, _max()_, _sum()_, _sorted()_, _open()_, _file()_, _help()_, and _dir()_. In the following table you will see an exhaustive list of Python built-in functions taken from [python documentation](https://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html).
In Python we have lots of built-in functions. Built-in functions are globally available for your use that mean you can make use of the built-in functions without importing or configuring. Some of the most commonly used Python built-in functions are the following: _print()_, _len()_, _type()_, _int()_, _float()_, _str()_, _input()_, _list()_, _dict()_, _min()_, _max()_, _sum()_, _sorted()_, _open()_, _file()_, _help()_, and _dir()_. In the following table you will see an exhaustive list of Python built-in functions taken from [python documentation](https://docs.python.org/3.9/library/functions.html).
![Built-in Functions](../images/builtin-functions.png)

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04_Day_Strings/04_strings.md
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@ -336,8 +336,8 @@ print(challenge.find('th')) # 0
```py
challenge = 'thirty days of python'
print(challenge.find('y')) # 5
print(challenge.find('th')) # 1
print(challenge.rfind('y')) # 5
print(challenge.rfind('th')) # 1
```
- format(): formats string into a nicer output
@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ print(challenge.isdecimal()) # True
challenge = '\u00B2'
print(challenge.isdigit()) # False
challenge = '12 3'
print(challenge.isdecimal()) # False, no space allowed
print(challenge.isdecimal()) # False, space not allowed
```
- isdigit(): Checks if all characters in a string are numbers (0-9 and some other unicode characters for numbers)

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05_Day_Lists/05_lists.md
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@ -9,10 +9,9 @@
<sub>Author:
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/asabeneh/" target="_blank">Asabeneh Yetayeh</a><br>
<small> First Edition: Nov 22 - Dec 22, 2019</small>
<small> Second Edition: July - 2021</small>
</sub>
</div>
</div>
[<< Day 4](../04_Day_Strings/04_strings.md) | [Day 6 >>](../06_Day_Tuples/06_tuples.md)
@ -48,18 +47,18 @@
## Lists
There are four collection data types in python :
There are four collection data types in Python :
- List: is a collection which is ordered and changeable(modifiable). Allows duplicate members.
- Tuple: is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable or unmodifiable(immutable). Allows duplicate members.
- Set: is a collection which is unordered, unindexed and unmodifiable, but you can add new items. No duplicate members.
- Set: is a collection which is unordered, un-indexed and unmodifiable, but we can add new items to the set. Duplicate members are not allowed.
- Dictionary: is a collection which is unordered, changeable(modifiable) and indexed. No duplicate members.
A list is collection of different data types which is ordered and modifiable(mutable). A list can be empty or it may have different data type items or items
A list is collection of different data types which is ordered and modifiable(mutable). A list can be empty or it may have different data type items.
### How to Create a List
In python we can create lists in two ways:
In Python we can create lists in two ways:
- Using list built-in function
@ -218,9 +217,9 @@ orange_and_lemon = fruits[::2] # here we used a 3rd argument, step. It will take
```py
fruits = ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon']
all_fruits = fruits[-4:] # it returns all the fruits
orange_and_mango = fruits[-3:-1] # it does not include the last index
orange_mango_lemon = fruits[-3:] # this will give the same result as the one above
reverse_fruits = fruits[::-1] # a negative step will take the list in reverse order
orange_and_mango = fruits[-3:-1] # it does not include the last index,['orange', 'mango']
orange_mango_lemon = fruits[-3:] # this will give starting from -3 to the end,['orange', 'mango', 'lemon']
reverse_fruits = fruits[::-1] # a negative step will take the list in reverse order,['lemon', 'mango', 'orange', 'banana']
```
### Modifying Lists
@ -240,6 +239,8 @@ print(fruits) # ['avocado', 'apple', 'mango', 'lime']
### Checking Items in a List
Checking an item if it is a member of a list using *in* operator. See the example below.
```py
fruits = ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon']
does_exist = 'banana' in fruits
@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ print(does_exist) # False
### Adding Items to a List
To add item to the end of an existing list we use the method
To add item to the end of an existing list we use the method *append()*.
```py
# syntax
@ -268,7 +269,7 @@ print(fruits)
### Inserting Items into a List
Use insert() method to insert a single item at a specified index in a list. Note that other items are shifted to the right.
We can use *insert()* method to insert a single item at a specified index in a list. Note that other items are shifted to the right. The *insert()* methods takes two arguments:index and an item to insert.
```py
# syntax
@ -297,14 +298,14 @@ lst.remove(item)
```py
fruits = ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon', 'banana']
fruits.remove('banana')
print(fruits) # ['orange', 'mango', 'lemon', 'banana'] - this method removes the first occurence of the item in the list
print(fruits) # ['orange', 'mango', 'lemon', 'banana'] - this method removes the first occurrence of the item in the list
fruits.remove('lemon')
print(fruits) # ['orange', 'mango', 'banana']
```
### Removing Items Using Pop
The pop() method removes the specified index, (or the last item if index is not specified):
The *pop()* method removes the specified index, (or the last item if index is not specified):
```py
# syntax
@ -324,7 +325,7 @@ print(fruits) # ['orange', 'mango']
### Removing Items Using Del
The del keyword removes the specified index and it can also be used to delete items within index range. It can also delete the list completely
The *del* keyword removes the specified index and it can also be used to delete items within index range. It can also delete the list completely
```py
# syntax
@ -347,7 +348,7 @@ print(fruits) # This should give: NameError: name 'fruits' is not defined
### Clearing List Items
The clear() method empties the list:
The *clear()* method empties the list:
```py
# syntax
@ -363,7 +364,7 @@ print(fruits) # []
### Copying a List
It is possible to copy a list by reassigning it to a new variable in the following way: list2 = list1. Now, list2 is a reference of list1, any changes we make in list2 will also modify the original, list2. But there are lots of case in which we do not like to modify the original instead we like to have a different copy. One of way avoid the problem above is using _copy()_.
It is possible to copy a list by reassigning it to a new variable in the following way: list2 = list1. Now, list2 is a reference of list1, any changes we make in list2 will also modify the original, list2. But there are lots of case in which we do not like to modify the original instead we like to have a different copy. One of way of avoiding the problem above is using _copy()_.
```py
# syntax
@ -393,21 +394,15 @@ positive_numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
zero = [0]
negative_numbers = [-5,-4,-3,-2,-1]
integers = negative_numbers + zero + positive_numbers
print(integers)
print(integers) # [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
fruits = ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon']
vegetables = ['Tomato', 'Potato', 'Cabbage', 'Onion', 'Carrot']
fruits_and_vegetables = fruits + vegetables
print(fruits_and_vegetables )
```
```py
# output
[-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon', 'Tomato', 'Potato', 'Cabbage', 'Onion', 'Carrot']
print(fruits_and_vegetables ) # ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon', 'Tomato', 'Potato', 'Cabbage', 'Onion', 'Carrot']
```
- Joining using extend() method
The *extend()* method allows to append list in a list. See the example below.
```py
# syntax
@ -418,32 +413,25 @@ list1.extend(list2)
```py
num1 = [0, 1, 2, 3]
num2= [4, 5,6]
num2= [4, 5, 6]
num1.extend(num2)
print('Numbers:', num1)
print('Numbers:', num1) # Numbers: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
negative_numbers = [-5,-4,-3,-2,-1]
positive_numbers = [1, 2, 3,4,5]
zero = [0]
negative_numbers.extend(zero)
negative_numbers.extend(positive_numbers)
print('Integers:', negative_numbers)
print('Integers:', negative_numbers) # Integers: [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
fruits = ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon']
vegetables = ['Tomato', 'Potato', 'Cabbage', 'Onion', 'Carrot']
fruits.extend(vegetables)
print('Fruits and vegetables:', fruits )
```
```py
Numbers: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Integers: [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Fruits and vegetables: ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon', 'Tomato', 'Potato', 'Cabbage', 'Onion', 'Carrot']
print('Fruits and vegetables:', fruits ) # Fruits and vegetables: ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon', 'Tomato', 'Potato', 'Cabbage', 'Onion', 'Carrot']
```
### Counting Items in a List
The count() method returns the number of times an item appears in a list:
The *count()* method returns the number of times an item appears in a list:
```py
# syntax
@ -460,7 +448,7 @@ print(ages.count(24)) # 3
### Finding Index of an Item
The index() method returns the index of an item in the list:
The *index()* method returns the index of an item in the list:
```py
# syntax
@ -477,7 +465,7 @@ print(ages.index(24)) # 2, the first occurrence
### Reversing a List
The reverse() method reverses the order of a list.
The *reverse()* method reverses the order of a list.
```py
# syntax
@ -489,15 +477,10 @@ lst.reverse()
```py
fruits = ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon']
fruits.reverse()
print(fruits.reverse())
print(fruits.reverse()) # ['lemon', 'mango', 'orange', 'banana']
ages = [22, 19, 24, 25, 26, 24, 25, 24]
ages.reverse()
print(ages.reverse())
```
```py
['lemon', 'mango', 'orange', 'banana']
[24, 25, 24, 26, 25, 24, 19, 22]
print(ages.reverse()) # [24, 25, 24, 26, 25, 24, 19, 22]
```
### Sorting List Items
@ -518,36 +501,30 @@ To sort lists we can use _sort()_ method or _sorted()_ built-in functions. The _
```py
fruits = ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon']
fruits.sort()
print(fruits) # sorted in alphabetical order
print(fruits) # sorted in alphabetical order, ['banana', 'lemon', 'mango', 'orange']
fruits.sort(reverse=True)
print(fruits)
print(fruits) # ['orange', 'mango', 'lemon', 'banana']
ages = [22, 19, 24, 25, 26, 24, 25, 24]
ages.sort()
print(ages)
print(ages) # [19, 22, 24, 24, 24, 25, 25, 26]
ages.sort(reverse=True)
print(ages)
print(ages) # [26, 25, 25, 24, 24, 24, 22, 19]
```
```sh
['banana', 'lemon', 'mango', 'orange']
['orange', 'mango', 'lemon', 'banana']
[19, 22, 24, 24, 24, 25, 25, 26]
[26, 25, 25, 24, 24, 24, 22, 19]
```
sorted(): returns the ordered list without modifying the original
sorted(): returns the ordered list without modifying the original list
**Example:**
```py
fruits = ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon']
print(sorted(fruits)) # ['banana', 'lemon', 'mango', 'orange']
print(sorted(fruits)) # ['banana', 'lemon', 'mango', 'orange']
# Reverse order
fruits = ['banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'lemon']
fruits = sorted(fruits,reverse=True)
print(fruits) # ['orange', 'mango', 'lemon', 'banana']
```
🌕 You are diligent and you have already achieved quite a lot. You have just completed day 5 challenges and you are 5 steps a head in to your way to greatness. Now do some exercises for your brain and for your muscle.
🌕 You are diligent and you have already achieved quite a lot. You have just completed day 5 challenges and you are 5 steps a head in to your way to greatness. Now do some exercises for your brain and muscles.
## 💻 Exercises: Day 5

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